BBC Radio 1, Big Breakfeast Show

• It was launched in 1967
• The BBC claim that they target the 15–29 age group, and the average age of its UK audience since 2009 is 30.
• BBC Radio 1 started 24-hour broadcasting on 1 May 1991.
• Radio 1 provides alternative genres after 7 pm, including electronica, dance, hip hop, rock and indie
•  Radio 1 was launched at 6:55 am on Saturday 30 September 1967.
• The Radio One Breakfast Show is currently the most listened to ‘show’ on Radio One and forms part of Radio One’s overall public service broadcasting (PSB) remit to ‘entertain, educate and inform’ and is required to demonstrate a ‘distinctive’ output of content compared to commercial radio.
• In the United Kingdom, the term "public service broadcasting" refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests.
• The BBC, whose broadcasting in the UK is funded by a licence fee and does not sell advertising time, is most notable for being the first public service broadcaster in the UK

• Their remit is to "inform, educate and entertain"

BBC trust

•“The remit of Radio 1 is to entertain and engage a broad range of young listeners with a distinctive mix of contemporary music and speech.

•Its target audience is 15-29 year olds and it should also provide some programming for younger teenagers.

•It should offer a range of new music, support emerging artists - especially those from the UK - and provide a platform for live music. News, documentaries and advice campaigns should cover areas of relevance to young adults.”

License fee:

The current fee is £150.50 for a colour licence and £50.50 for a black and white licence. The licence is free if you are 75 or over, and half-price if you are registered blind.

BBC Radio 1 Breakfast Show : Production and distribution 

•        The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Greg James is broadcast weekdays from 06.30-10.00 am.
•        The Breakfast Show has been running since 1967, but Greg James took over as the 16th presenter in 2018.
•        BBC Radio 1 is broadcast on FM, DAB, Freeview, Freesat, Virgin, Sky, or online via BBC Radio Player (including via the phone or tablet app) where it can be heard live or streamed for 30 days.
•        It is produced by the BBC from its own studios at Broadcasting House in London.
•        There’s a useful BBC Academy podcast (with transcript) about how the programme is produced http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/articles/art20170619095219011
•        The music is largely playlisted – what is going to be played on daytime Radio 1 is decided by a committee; they choose around 40 records each week for repeated daytime play
•         (A-list records get 25 plays a week, B-list 15, and C-list eight to 10).

Summary:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0001903

The broadcast starts at half 6 in the morning. it starts by talking about funny videos and what is

coming up next - including BBC programmes like Strictly Come Dancing and British Comedian John

Richardson answering calls at 8.30, to get listeners to keep listening and get involved. Greg James

then starts playing songs- which are by british artist's Calvin Harris and James Bay. Greg also

mentions two live lounges that will be happening later in the broadcast by George Ezra and The 1975,

but doesn't mention a certain time so that people couldn't just rejoin later.Every half an hour, their

was a segment on news, involving Theresa may and Brexit, The dead whales in new Zealand and

sports. Straight after was the weather which finished at 7.03. Greg James then talks about songs

coming up that will interest the audience listening. At 7.15 they started a call with Simon, a

contestant who would be participating in the quiz. In the quiz, answers involved british people

and programmes like Lewis Hamilton, BBC and Eastenders actor Danny Dyer. 

The broadcast appeals to the two different types of the audiences mentioned below by having a
variety of different music and different topics. For example, they use funny videos to kept mentioning
to draw in the young audience and does concert ticket competitions. However they also talk about
sports which interests the male.

•Male, 28, manual worker, listens to R1 BS on his way to work, (football fanatic and loves comedy)

•Female 17, student, listens to R1 BS via podcast and on way to college in car (loves pop music, enjoys going to festivals).

Since Greg James has taken over from Nick Grimshaw, the broadcast has become "laddish".

This is due to having more sports stuff and a lot more lads humour. however, the music

contrasts this due to having more pop music which is more female.

Social Interactions:    -Twitter










    -Facebook










   -Instagram







  -Youtube





-Competitions: Manning the phone-no prizes, Jam Slam-festival competition,
-Call ins- John Richardson comedian, Pub stories from audience

Funding:

Is funded by the Television license fee. In 2016/17 Radio 1 had a budget of £34.7 million

The high level of funding available to R1 influences the quality of the programmes

Radio 1 are able to host special events (concerts, competitions etc.).

Radio 1 use this revenue to ensure that:

•Program content is high (guests, quizzes concerts ), quality production.

•Can fund Social Media sites (twitter, Facebook, Youtube, etc)

Other radios, which are commercial, may not use as much funding.

Maintaining an Audience:

Decline in Radio 1's audience:

•        New technology -> radio isn't used as much, people engage in radio through social media
•        New trends -> it's not trending with the modern society/target audience
•        It's not just about radio anymore, they upload Youtube videos with celebrity guests and play funny games, meaning people don't listen to the live broadcasts
•        Audience turning away from live radio 

Keeps audience by:

Use social media to promote it, eg: Facebook, Twitter, Youtube- more views as younger

audience gets involved

Play top chart hits to attract younger audiences to listen

Gets involved with memes and trending jokes

Use celebrity content, attracting fans: Phone ins-man in the pub & celeb phone ins

Radio 1 uses different types of technology to promote themselves. They use i-player to still
engage audience even if they missed the live broadcasting and they use different artists to
play in the live lounge which brings a sense of originality as they sing covers as well as
their original singles, which are usually in the charts at the time.

Uk artists:

•       Little mix
•       James Bay
•       Liam Payne
•       The 1975
•       Rita Ora
•       Ed Sheeran

Commercial Broadcasting:
Radio X: It's a 'male focused' entertainment brand for 24-44 year old men, with a line up of
'blokey' presenters. Frank discussions about the intersection of masculinity and society.
More openness about male sexuality and physical and mental health might save lives.
None of the music on the show is female based or devoted to younger teen girls. Mainly
targeted at white men, which could be offensive to females. Focusing on the whole of the
Uk. Socio-economic is around C2 to E. Adverts shown, are things like electricity, insurance
and things like alcohol. BBC Radio 1 is much more inclusive as they present different
genders and ethnicities as well as providing a mixture of music genres and competitions.

Write an essay

Part (a)Radio 1 target audience is on the decline, discuss the reasons why audience numbers are dropping and the steps taken by the organisation to maintain (and or grow) its audience 600 words.  Discuss the role of technology in maintaining its audience

Part (b) From your viewing of https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0001903

Jon Richardson on the phones, measuring skips and did the Strictly crowd fist pump?

Discuss the impact of Radio 1’s funding (from tax payers money) on its production content. (take into account the stations remit…)  

Identify examples from your analysis of Mon 26/11/2018  you must refer to specific examples.

Th     The Big Breakfast Show’s audiences are declining – as are the audiences for BBC Radio 1 as a whole. The Breakfast Show has been losing audience numbers year-on-year since Grimshaw took over but Grimshaw was brought in especially to develop larger audiences in its target range of 15-29 and shed the over 30s. There is many reasons as to why this is happening.One reason is due to the decreasing use of radio and a growing use of other apps to listen to music. For example, Spotify has around 198-208 million users as of the end of 2018. This shows how the public are going onto other technology as society and time grows. This may be due to the need to be involved in the 'top' thing of the time, and for teenagers to be part of the most talk thing. This takes away from the targeted audience of the big breakfast show of 15–29 years . 

        Another reason why there is a decline of audience is that it's not just about radio anymore, they upload Youtube videos with celebrity guests and play funny games, meaning people don't listen to the live broadcasts. Overall, 63% listen to music-focused radio stations, while 38% listen to radio stations that are mainly speech-based. Although the big breakfast show does play the top charts songs, there is a lot of other talking segments. For example, the the Monday 26/11/2018 broadcast, they have Jon Richardson on the phone, quizzes- like 'Yesterdays quiz'-, funny videos that keep getting played and have the news every half an hour. For people who like to just have a sing-a-long in the morning on the way to work, this constant interruptions can become annoying. Another way that this can bring a decline in audience, is that by uploading things like the innuendo bingo or live lounge on youtube, the interesting parts of the broadcast- which are used to attract listeners- are seen without having to listen to it.

L      Lastly, a reason that there is a decline in audience is that the broadcast it's not trending with the modern society/target audience. This means the people likely to listen to the broadcast are older then the targeted audience as the 32 year old presenter thats trying to be 'cool' and 'trendy' like teenagers is cringe-worthy to the targeted teenage audience.

        However the big breakfast team have taken steps of organisation to maintain- and grow- its audience. For example, one step taken was the Use social media to promote it, eg: Facebook, Twitter, Youtube. This gets more views as younger audience gets involved. One way they've done this is by having a youtube channel where they upload videos like the live lounge, innuendo bingo and concerts videos from their concerts like Radio 1 Teen awards. Although, i had mentioned how the youtube channel brought the amount of listeners down before, it is also a good aspect for the show. This is because it raises awareness of other events the radio channel creates. For example, if someone saw the videos from teen awards and then sees the good artists and atmosphere, they are more likely to want to buy tickets for themselves the next year,. Especially because the people most likely to se the youtube videos are teenagers - the targeted audience- and the people who are the most effective as a unit of consumption. This means they are most likely to be drawn into capitalisms advertisement for events or products.

       

       Another way they have tried to grow the audience is by Playing top chart hits to attract younger audiences to listen. For example they played; Women like me, Thank U Next,  and Taki Taki. These songs are most likely to drag in an younger audience as its the music they listen to and push away the older audience who may think the music is horrible.

Veteran's Essay

You will create an essay on issue 1332 of the Big issue: Still at War.  You will analyse the media language and media representations associated with the front cover.

As part of the essay you will need to discuss the social and political contexts which have lead to a rise in homelessness in overall and in particular within the veteran community

You will also discuss how newspapers (right wing and Big Issue) vary in the way the represent homelessness.  As part of your arguments you are required to use Gerbners theory.

The issue 1332 of the Big issue : Still at war represents the problems in our country's laws and the rise in homelessness. The big issue chose to highlight this issue as is a subject that the public are more likely to agree to help with. This is because the veterans have risked their lives, shed blood and have given up a lot for us to have the safe country we live in today. Also it is easier to generalize this group of homeless people as we have a better idea of why they are homeless. Where as if it was a group of refugees, there could be so many reasons why they are homeless. The big issue is a left wing newspaper, meaning they have highlighted these issues and seen the importance of providing for their own country and making sure everyone is equal. This contrasts to a right wing paper like the Daily Mail who- due to being capitalist- exaggerate their view more and sometimes manipulates the reader rather than telling the truth. This is known as the Gerbners theory. The definition of the Gerbners theory is that heavy viewers and readers are exposed to more violence and therefore are effected by the Mean World Syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place then it actually is.This means how a wider range of  readers are more susceptible to believing things they may read in The Daily Mail than they are The Big Issue.

On the front cover, the biggest words are the title "STILL AT WAR". This wording shows how the homeless veterans have no escape from war. This could resemble the mental problems they are left with like PTSD or how they are at war with housing companies trying to live a life they deserve. The colours of the title are black and white. This could be trying to convey to the reader that it is a simple story that isn't complicated, like the saying "its in black and white".

The only bits of colour on the front cover is the red of the poppy and the army green on the hat and the subtitles at the top right. This could highlight how even back at home, all they see is the memory's of the army and the redness of the blood shed in front of them. This links with how the colours are on the helmet. The memories are still in their brain and that's the only part of the uniform they are wearing as they still need protection from their own brain. This could be trying to present to the readers that even more damningly than the homelessness, desperately mentally ill ex-servicemen and women still scarred by the horrors and demons of foreign wars, are waiting up to two years for medical help and therapy under the Government approved channels. This is also presented my the wording of  "The battle for peace of mind back home" and how they are struggling to cope with their mental health problems on the long wait to get help.

Underneath that writing is another line saying "Rebuilding lives, Fighting for futures". Both of this lines are covering the eyes of the soldier. The fact that its covering the eyes could symbolize that he is not special and is just another civilian. This is shoeing how Veterans who have no physical health problems are not prioritised on the Housing list even after serving our country and giving up s lot to keep us safe. For example, Les, who was honoured for his heroics in the 1982 Battle of Goose Green, was homeless for six months after suffering post-traumatic stress disorder. Les says, “I became too scared to go to sleep and began drinking heavily. I was medically retired form the prison ­service. My world collapsed and I was homeless. I slept in my van for six months and felt unable to talk to anyone. But eventually I got help.”

Essay Analysis, In Bob We Trust

You will analyse the media language and media representation of the issue of the Big Issue “In Bob we trust”.  To what extent does the Magazine diverge from mainstream/rightwing depictions of the poor/homeless.  Why is the magazines remit an important factor in the way the magazine represents homelessness?  Discuss the social and political context of homelessness…Discuss the impact of homelessness in Britain today from your research.

Word count minimum 750

The Big Issue magazine, which was launched in 1991,aims to decrease poverty

by creating opportunities for the less fortunate, through social trading and business solutions. It

was made in response to the growing number of rough sleepers on the streets of London, by

offering people the opportunity to earn a legitimate income through selling a magazine to the public.

Vendors buy The Big Issue magazine for £1.25 and sell it for £2.50, meaning each seller is a

micro entrepreneur who is working, not begging. The fact that they are making money of their own is an aim to encourage them to stay sober or drug free in order to make money.

The tag line for the magazine is "a hand up, not a hand out". This is important because its not just charity as the vendors are working for their money.

On the front cover, Bob is in the centre of the magazine which shows his importance, he uses direct mode of address to catch the audiences attention and draw them into the magazine, it also looks like he's directly addressing everyone, which makes it more personal. The way Bob is presented by his demeanour shows authority and strength. Along with this, Bob is presented as very clean and shows to be wearing a scarf. This goes against the typical stereotype that homeless people are scruffy addicts who wear baggy and unwashed clothes. It could also highlight how the upper class or the rich can help the poor.

The front cover of the magazine has a saturated yellow main cover line, in a bold san serif font, which says "In Bob We Trust". This is used against a dark blue background which makes it stand out even more as it pops out, which catches people's attention and attract them into looking at the magazine. The title is a play on words, "In Bob We Trust" is a reference to "In God We Trust" which is written on every dollar bill,  This could represent to the audience that this is a representation that Bob should be looked up to as he's a source of hope and faith to those who are struggling. It could also mean he is worthy and strong enough to help those who cant help themselves, showing how the smallest things of hope can mean a lot to people. This is presenting how, even though England isn't a religious country, god and the hope of people will be the thing that changes the society we live in.

The Big Issue is very much a left wing magazine as it wants to support those who aren't as fortunate and have to sleep rough. It opposes Right wing newspapers and magazines. The right wings  parties consist of conservatives, nationalists and fascists, whereas the left wing supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. People get negative opinions of homeless people from right wing papers, like the Daily Mail, as they only ever show them in a negative light and state that they're violent drug addicts and alcoholics, which isn't the case most of the time. Due to this people see homeless people as being beggars and problems for society. This connects to Shildrick and McDonald's theory that the poor do not deserve sympathy.The big issues shines a more positive light on homelessness, as they show that they can be rehabilitated and pulled away from their bad habits with just a little bit of help and faith, showing how they're just like everyone else, yet fell into a bad lifestyle. The magazine wants to change these negative stereotypes by allowing people who are homeless to prove themselves by selling the magazine and sharing their story. 
Homelessness is a issue that people struggle with around the country. For example, One in 25 people in the borough of Newham are homeless. However, this can be expected when the average income in Newham is £24,000 a year, but the average house price, following the Olympics boost, is now more than £400,000.The waiting list for social housing stands at 25,729, with 44 applications for every property that becomes available. Research shows that, according to the latest figures, collected in the autumn of 2017 and published in January 2018, 4,751 people are estimated to be sleeping rough on any one night.

Print Media: The Big Issue

• A young women is seen in a black and white image, with only the bikini in colour next to the wording of the headline "Are you beach body ready".  Her body being desaturated highlights her different tones in her Body. This could comply how she in "toned" for the beach.
• The advert is representing women to have to look a certain way. It sexualises women and attracts mens attention, this is done through the direct mode of address. However, i think the targeted audience is woman.

The big issue:

The Big Issue magazine launched in 1991 in response to the growing number of rough sleepers on the streets of London, by offering people the opportunity to earn a legitimate income through selling a magazine to the public.

Vendors buy The Big Issue magazine for £1.25 and sell it for £2.50, meaning each seller is a micro-entrepreneur who is working, not begging.

The tag line for the magazine is "a hand up, not a hand out". This is important because its not just charity as the vendors are working for their money.

Politics:

Left Wing Politics : supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy and social inequality. ... "

Right  Wing Politics: the political right opposes socialism and social democracy. Right-wing parties include conservatives, nationalists and on the far-right racists and fascists.

Which newspaper is what:

Daily mail- right wing

mirror- left wing

guardian- left wing

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/immigration/10206553/Truth-about-the-Romanian-beggars-of-Park-Lane.html

•https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5854461/The-rejuvenated-East-end-Homeless-people-set-camp-mall-yards-700m-Olympic-Stadium.html

 police and an ambulance were called to the centre after, it is believed, an Albanian was hit over the head with a vodka bottle.

'I'll cut you up, I'll cut you up, do you hear?' one man is warned by another for apparently trying to steal cigarettes.

During our first visit to the Stratford Centre, on Tuesday, a middle-aged woman was shoved to the ground as a crowd converged on charity food trolleys even before they were unloaded.

One in 25 people in the borough of Newham are homeless. However, this can be expected when the average income in Newham is £24,000 a year, but the average house price, following the Olympics boost, is now more than £400,000.The waiting list for social housing stands at 25,729, with 44 applications for every property that becomes available.

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/jeremy-corbyn-armed-forces-homeless-rough-sleepers-remembrance-day-armistice-ww1-cenotaph-a8626381.html

The Royal British Legion charity suggests the proportion of homeless veterans among London’s homeless population is believed to be around six per cent – around 1,100. 

Bob is a symbol of hope

"In Bob we trust" is a word play of "In God we trust".

This is saying how, even though England isn't a religious country, god and the hope of people will be the thing that changes the society we live in.

he's in the centre of the image, highlighting his importance.

He looks well put together to highlight how the upper class or the rich can help the poor.

it could also represent that the poor still can look good.

•https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/762456/British-military-veterans-armed-forces-covenant-army-navy-RAF-Homes-for-Heroes-campaign

  Homeless charities estimate there are about 7000 ex-servicemen and women living rough and in desperate need of a roof over their head. Veterans feel like when they leave the the military they are "seen as nothing". In 2012, housing laws changed and veterans with no physical and mental health are seen as normal civilians and don't get special help with housing. However, working age veterans are less likely to be in work (63%) than men in the UK general population (77%). This means they re more likely to be homeless due to no income of money.
Even more damningly, desperately mentally ill ex-servicemen and women still scarred by the horrors and demons of foreign wars, are waiting up to two years for medical help and therapy under the Government approved channels.

Veterans Association UK is a charity dedicated to providing homeless veterans with shelter and immediate mental health care, it also runs a suicide prevention service which has so far actively saved the lives of 37 former forces personnel.

But it has just £3,000 left in the bank and its chief executive, Tony Hayes, has hardly taken a penny from the charity’s coffers for three years, but the response from local authorities has been so poor that Tony has been forced to take more than a dozen veterans into his own home in the past two years.

the big issue chose to highlight this issue as is a subject that the public are more likely to agree to help with. This is because the veterans have risked their lives, shed blood and have given up a lot for us to have the safe country we live in today. Also it is easier to generalize this group of homeless people as we have a better idea of why they are homeless. where as if it was a group of refugees, there could be so many reasons why they are homeless.

https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/least-13000-hero-soldiers-left-11847000

At least 13,000 of our war heroes are homeless after leaving the military, a Sunday People probe reveals.

Charity bosses say the problem has been made worse by cuts to the armed forces, which has led to almost 30,000 troops losing their jobs since 2010.

“Homelessness among the veterans community is getting worse by the month. The youngest we have dealt with is an 18-year-old and the oldest is 97. And we helped people of every age in between.”-Cait Smith, 45, the Bolton Armed Forces Centre for Veterans. Cait was diagnosed with PTSD 20 years after her entire command was wiped out in the 1994 Mull of Kintyre helicopter disaster. She said: “When I left the Army in 1997 I was a single mum. I had nowhere to live and a child to look after. I felt as though I had somehow failed. I was eventually given help and got my life back together. “But I received no help from the armed forces. It was from charities and friends.”

"Les, who was honoured for his heroics in the 1982 Battle of Goose Green, was homeless for six months after suffering post-traumatic stress disorder . "The 56-year-old says during his time on the streets and since, he has met hundreds of veterans, from the Falklands campaign through to more recent conflicts, including those in Iraq and Afghanistan. Many are reduced to sleeping in doorways, bus stops and parks, ­begging from passers-by. And almost all are struggling with the devastating affects of PTSD, which often leads to other problems, including addictions to drugs and alcohol. Les' PTSD kept him up at night “I became too scared to go to sleep and began drinking heavily. I was medically retired form the prison ­service. My world collapsed and I was homeless. I slept in my van for six months and felt unable to talk to anyone. But eventually I got help.”

'deserving poor’ and the ‘undeserving poor’.

•Most media studies on poverty point in the direction of a recurring observation that usually the poor are presented in one of two contrasting frames: the ‘deserving poor’ and the ‘undeserving poor’.

•While the frame of deserving poor employs a sympathetic treatment of the poor, the frame of the undeserving poor is built upon the rhetoric of deficiency in individuals who are portrayed as a burden on the taxpayer due to their dependency on welfare policies

•(see also, scroungerphobia, Golding & Middleton, 1982)

New Theory - Gerbner theory

Theory: Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. Heavy viewers are exposed to more violence and therefore are effected by the Mean World Syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place then it actually is. According to the theory heavy viewing of television is creating a homogeneous and fearful populace, however so many studies have been done in this area that really no one knows how or even if violence on TV or in film negatively or positively affects its audience.

Now cultivation theory has taken on a more general definition in regards to mass media. It now extends to encompass the idea that television colours our perception of the world. For example; if someone stays inside and watch news about crime all day, they might be inclined to believe that the crime rate is far higher than it actually is and they might easily become the victim of a crime. Or in another sense heavy viewership of any media   can perpetuate stereotypes both positive and negative. It really comes down to the question of to what extent does reality shape TV and vice versa.

Media Industries: The Jungle Book.

Definitions:

Vertical Integration is when a Media Company owns different businesses in the same chain of production and distribution
A media conglomerate, media group, or media institution is a company that owns numerous companies involved in mass media enterprises, such as television, radio, publishing, motion pictures, theme parks, or the Internet.
n general, synergy is the combined working together of two or more parts of a system so that the combined effect is greater than the sum of the efforts of the parts.
Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates.
The production process refers to the stages (phases) required to complete a media product, from the idea to the final master copy. The process can apply to any type of media production including film, video, television and audio recording.
Digital distribution is the delivery or distribution of digital media content such as audio, video, software and video games.
Social media marketing (SMM) is the use of social media websites and social networks to market a company's products and services.

Exhibition: The way we view; getting the film to a paying audience.

Summary:

•It was partly based on Disney’s original version but also drew more on Kipling’s original books,

giving a rather darker tone

•The Jungle Book exists in a strange limbo-world between live action and animation..

All the animals and landscapes, etc., were computer generated, (mostly) by the British digital effects house MPC 

•JB16 is the result of cutting edge CGI – the animals were created digitally post-production and the

one actor in the film (playing Mowgli) acted against a blue screen.

•The film received an Oscar for their use of VFX
•Disney have leveraged the technology within the film to widen audience appeal and create spectacle
during the marketing e.g. showing film teasers in 3 D

Plot Synopsis

the panther Bagheera opens the film by saying that there are many stories in the jungle, but none quite like that of the man-cub Mowgli. Mowgli is seen running through the jungle above the trees with his wolf brothers. Since he was a baby, Mowgli has grown up with the wolf pack, raised by Raksha.

The jungle experiences a very dry season, so the animals come together by the Peace Rock to form a truce and drink water from there. Mowgli uses the shell of a fruit to grab water for himself, which makes the other animals see him oddly. The wolf pack leader Akela tells Mowgli not to use his man tricks in front of the other animals. The crows then begin to caw, signaling the arrival of the fearsome tiger Shere Khan. He is aware of Mowgli's presence and considers Man to be forbidden in the jungle. Akela covers Mowgli and tells Shere Khan he cannot have the boy. Shere Khan vows to come for Mowgli once the rivers run again.

Knowing the jungle isn't safe for Mowgli anymore, Akela and the other wolves discuss his future there. Bagheera volunteers to take him back to the man village, despite Raksha's protests. The others agree it's for the best, and Mowgli shares a goodbye with Raksha, who says he will always be her son.

Bagheera guides Mowgli toward the village, but once they come across a field of buffaloes, they are ambushed by Shere Khan. Bagheera holds the tiger off for Mowgli to run. Mowgli runs down a hill as the buffaloes stampede. Shere Khan tries to spot Mowgli, but the boy escapes.

Shere Khan returns to the Peace Rock to confront the wolves. He mauls Akela and throws him off the cliff. The tiger then assumes leadership over the other animals and awaits for Mowgli to return.

Now wandering alone through the jungle, Mowgli comes across a huge snakeskin that has recently been shed and soon meets the python Kaa. She puts Mowgli under her spell with her hypnotic voice and eyes. Kaa tells Mowgli of where he came from. He was an infant when his father came across a cave in the jungle and protected him from Shere Khan with the "red flower" (fire). Mowgli's father blinded Shere Khan's left eye, and the tiger killed the man. Kaa wraps herself around Mowgli and prepares to eat him but is attacked by another animal, forcing her to release the child.

Mowgli wakes up and meets the bear Baloo. Since he saved Mowgli's life, he asks the boy to help him gather some honey from a cliff face. Mowgli breaks off some honeycomb but gets stung a few times in the process. Thankful, Baloo takes Mowgli under his wing (or paw) and they form a friendship. Baloo shows Mowgli that the man village is nearby and that he can go whenever he wants, but Mowgli decides to stick with Baloo, who shows Mowgli all about the "bare necessities of life."

Bagheera encounters Mowgli and Baloo. Baloo claims that Mowgli is helping him hibernate for the winter, until Bagheera points out that bears don't hibernate in the jungle. The panther still wants to get Mowgli to safety.

At night, Mowgli hears a herd of distressed elephants. Baloo and Bagheera see this and get worried until they watch Mowgli help a baby elephant out of a hole. Bagheera tells Baloo how Shere Khan is after Mowgli and that he needs to get to safety. Reluctantly, Baloo tells Mowgli he never thought of him as a friend and wants him gone. Heartbroken, Mowgli retreats to a tree. A small monkey starts to bother Mowgli, and soon more monkeys show up and capture him. Baloo and Bagheera see this and follow.

The monkeys bring Mowgli to the temple of King Louie, a massive orangutan. Louie claims he can protect Mowgli, but he wants to learn the secret of the red flower (fire) and thinks Mowgli can deliver it to him. Mowgli says he cannot, sending Louie into a rage. Baloo and Bagheera arrive in the nick of time and fight Louie's monkeys while Louie chases Mowgli. Louie taunts Mowgli by telling him that Akela has been killed, which Bagheera knew about. As Louie tries to get Mowgli, he runs through his temple, causing it to crumble and crush him.

Infuriated that Bagheera didn't tell him about Akela, Mowgli runs away. He enters the man village undetected and takes a burning torch back into the jungle. As he runs back, the other animals see him with the fire and follow. A piece of ember falls from the torch and slowly starts a fire.

Mowgli confronts Shere Khan as the other animals gather to watch. Shere Khan tries to turn the animals against Mowgli by stating that man has brought the red flower into the jungle. Mowgli tosses the torch right before Baloo and Bagheera show up. They, along with the other animals, stand by Mowgli and against Shere Khan. Baloo battles Shere Khan. Mowgli wants to fight, but Bagheera says he must fight as a man and not as a wolf. Mowgli runs toward the trees. Shere Khan takes Baloo down, but before he can kill him, Raksha and the other wolves attack Shere Khan.

Mowgli sets up a trap in the trees and waits for Shere Khan. Escaping the wolves and Bagheera, the tiger climbs the tree and walks the branch where Mowgli is standing. The boy tells Shere Khan he is not afraid of him. The tiger pounces at Mowgli as the branch snaps. Mowgli jumps to safety, but Shere Khan ends up falling and is consumed by the fire. Mowgli returns to the other animals, and the river, aided by grateful elephants, turns its flow, putting out the fire.

Mowgli is seen running with his wolf brothers again and is reunited with them and Raksha. Baloo now lives close with Mowgli, Bagheera and the other animals, and he says he could get used to this.

Motion picture rating

PG

How the characters and landscapes were brought to life… key elements include

–Analysis of the gait and movement of live animals

–Skeletal mapping

–Fur movement simulation

–Landscape mapping

–Creating a visual library archive of objects to fill the landscapes

Technologies impacting on the film include

Blue screen

Facial mapping

MPC – simulation packages for fur movement

Previsualisation techniques

Previs is: The visualization (now especially through the use of computers) of how something will look when created or finished.

Ultimately, previs is the process of imagining and planning a final product.

the Production companies involved 

• Fairview Entertainment
• Moving Picture Company (MPC)
• Prime Focus
• Walt Disney Pictures (presents) (as Disney)

Box Office:

Budget:

$175,000,000 (estimated)

Opening Weekend USA:

 $103,261,464, 17 April 2016, Wide Release

Gross USA:

 $364,001,123

Cumulative Worldwide Gross:

 $966,550,600

•The Jungle Book (2016) has taken over 1 billion US dollars already at the cinema box office (worldwide)

•In 2016 Disney’s productions earned more at the box office than any of the other six majors; Disney

‘amassed $2.56 billion globally

•They focus on blockbuster films and their strategy to “reboot” their older animations (Cinderella, JB)

helped to guarantee success.

Production 1967

•The Jungle Book (hereafter JB) was released in 1967 by Walt Disney Productions. It was

created at the Walt Disney Studios in California. Disney’s animation studio had been

responsible for developing many of the techniques and ways of working that became standard

practices of traditional cel animation,

•Pioneered the use of the multiplane camera to create an early 3-D like effect.

•The multiplane camera was a special camera that helped record the movement of multiple

layers of art work that would move past the camera at various speeds and distances. ...

•The first vertical multiplane camera was invented in 1933 by Ub Iwerks, former Walt Disney Studios animator and director.

Disney used this approach to create a 3 – D like effect in several Jungle Book sequences

THE JUNGLE BOOK (2016) Distribution

        Produced by Walt Disney Company

 MPC – independent UK company contracted to do the the complex 3 animation effects
       Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
      Exhibition in the UK by companies such as

Circulation

Relevance to the Jungle-Book: Disney sell their films in digital format to exhibitors, they can also sell the film in the form of Blu Ray and DVD sales.

A key driver for Disney on the remake of the Jungle book was to engage with a new generation of audience using VFX.

The Disney organisation needed to create new content which could be made available for streaming  as well as the traditional channels of Video (DVD+Blu Ray and viewing on large screens – i-Max)